Fraud Consultants: 28

Dr. Jules Kamin received his Ph.D. in business economics, finance and management science from the University of Chicago Graduate School of Business, rated #1. He is an expert on Economic Damages impacting businesses and individuals.

Dr. Kamin brings to the practice of forensic economics a unique combination of educational background, practical business and teaching experience, and a proven record of expert retention and testimony in over 800 cases. He has testified, at trial, in more than 100 cases (federal and state court).

Services Include:

Lost Profits Lost Business Goodwill Diminution of Business Value Business Valuation Securities Course of Conduct Business Torts Fraud Interference with Prospective Economic Advantage Medical Malpractice

Breach of Contract Unfair Competition Condemnation Infringement of Intellectual Property Antitrust Lost Earnings and Benefits Personal Injury Wrongful Termination Wrongful Death

Rod Tasker specializes in Payment Services, Transaction Banking, and e-Commerce. He has over 20 years of experience working for major banks in strategic and business planning and cradle to grave product management, including business cases, feasibility, piloting, commercialization, and retirement. Mr. Tasker consults in strategic management and innovative solution delivery in the banking and finance industry. His achievements in Australia and internationally include:
     - Leading a team of 25 people in developing an internet payment service
     - Developing an enterprise Sales and Service architecture for a major bank
     - Developing an international payments business architecture & operations strategy for a major bank
     - Obtaining consensus amongst a consortium of 15 global banks for the strategic vision and plan for implementing B2B international ePayments
     - Developing a variety of e-Banking and e-Payment products and services
     - Building a payments business from start-up as CEO

Areas of Expertise:

Payments e-Commerce Transaction Banking Identity Services

Product Development / Product Management Piloting Commercializing Business and Strategy Formulation

Consulting Services - Mr. Tasker is engaged by companies that offer payment services as products or services, or for whom payments are "strategic" or "core," for example, insurance companies, exchanges, retailers, and investors wanting to evaluate payment business acquisitions, mergers, or funding opportunities. His services include:

Strategy Formulation Business Planning Profitability Improvement Change Management

Program and Portfolio Management Regulatory Compliance Risk Analysis Ventures / Mergers & Acquisitions

Sidney P. Blum, CPA, CFE, CPEA, CFF has 30 years of professional and testifying expert experience in the areas of Royalty Auditing, Forensic Accounting, Intellectual Property Economic Damages, and General Economic Damages. Mr. Blum was named California CPA of the Year (2017) and Certified Fraud Examiner of the Year (2012). He is a Certified Fraud Examiner, Certified Professional Environmental Auditor, and Certified in Financial Forensics by the AICPA. Mr. Blum was a KPMG Partner. He specializes in breach of contract, lost revenues, patent infringement, copyright infringement, trademark infringement, lost pay, and wrongful termination.

As a world leading royalty auditor, Mr. Blum has extensive knowledge of the Georgia-Pacific factors and other major influences on reasonable royalty rates for intellectual property litigation. He led the national royalty audit practices for Big 4 firms Ernst & Young and KPMG and he also wrote the global methodologies for both firms. He is one of 5 members of the Board of Regents with the 80,000 member Association of Certified Fraud Examiners. 

Clients: Mr. Blum's clients have included Adobe, Amgen, Beats Electronics, DGA, Disney, Dolby, DTS, DKNY, Ed Hardy, General Electric, General Motors, IGT, IMG, Marvel, Mattel, McDonalds, Microsoft, MLB, WWE, UMB Bank, Steven Spielberg, Harley-Davidson, and the NFL.  Expert witness testimony on royalty audit standards and results. 

Industries:  Many industries such as medical devices, music, toys, energy, film, consumer products, electronics, apparel, automotive, manufacturing and biotech.

Consulting Services:

Desk Audits and Field Audits Forensic Accounting and Investigative Audits Royalty Reporting / System Audits

Evaluation of License Agreements Royalty Compliance and Monitoring Programs Royalty Compliance / Monitoring Program Reviews

Mr. Blum’s two books published by Oxford University Press and LexisNexis on financial terms in contracts are leading sources of valuable information for attorneys and contract negotiators. He has also made numerous presentations to law firms, professional groups, universities, and others regarding contract compliance and auditing.

View Sidney Blum's Expert Witness Profile.

Setec Investigations offers unparalleled expertise in computer forensics and electronic discovery, providing highly personalized, case-specific forensic analysis and litigation support services to assist in the investigation, handling, and prosecution of computer-related crimes or misuse.

Setec Investigations combines today's most advanced computer forensics and litigation support expertise with a business- and legal-friendly approach, resulting in a sound analytical foundation that carefully balances critical investigative requirements with vital legal and evidentiary needs.

Setec Investigations incorporates a cross-disciplinary team comprised of computer forensic investigators, attorneys, law enforcement specialists, and seasoned business professionals who have established a proven track record of success since 1997.

Services Overview

Setec Investigations possesses the necessary combination of technical expertise, understanding of the legal system, and specialized tools and processes enabling the discovery, collection, investigation, and production of electronic information for investigating and handling computer-related crimes or misuse.

Explore our range of service offerings:

Computer Forensic Investigations

Computer forensics and enterprise investigation services identify, gather, analyze, and preserve electronic evidence to establish a sustainable posture for internal or legal action.

Electronic Discovery

Manage large volumes of electronic data and quickly identify and isolate electronic evidence that is critical to the success of a litigation.

Litigation Support

Legal consultants and attorneys translate litigation issues into strong case strategies that effectively utilize electronic evidence.

Expert Witness

Supports the resolution of security incidents and active litigations by offering impartial and independent expert testimony, opinions, and customized reports in legal proceedings.

SAFEChecks, “The Check Fraud Specialists,” manufactures the finest High Security Checks in America.  It is the only check manufacturer that established and strictly follows Secure Ordering Procedures, to prevent unauthorized persons from ordering checks. 

SAFEChecks began in 1993 as a division of a Southern California business bank battling an epidemic of check fraud. Check fraud attempts at the bank had skyrocketed from $90,000 to $3,000,000 in just two years. Over the next three years, fraud losses and fraud attempts dropped by 95%.

Greg Litster, President and CEO, acquired the SAFEChecks Division from the bank in 1997. SAFEChecks continues to be America’s leader in check fraud prevention. SAFEChecks offers many styles of high security business and personal checks, Positive Pay software, secure check writing software, envelopes, toner, and pressure seal equipment.

Mr. Litster has over 18 years of experience in the Banking Industry specializing in Check Fraud Prevention. With vast knowledge and expertise in the area of fraud, garnered from his experience in developing safeguards against it, he is well-equipped to provide Consulting Services, fraud seminars, and educational materials to banks and other institutions.

Mr. Litster has published numerous articles on topics within his field of expertise. He is also the editor of Frank Abagnale’s Fraud Bulletin. Mr. Litster has given fraud prevention seminars to hundreds of professional organizations on such subjects as Check Fraud, Mobile Banking Fraud, Cyber Crime, Embezzlement, and Identity Theft. These institutions include the Association for Financial Professionals, the Government Finance Officers Association, and the New York Cash Exchange.

View Greg Litster's Expert Witness Profile.

Q9 Consulting partners with its clients to develop and implement effective risk management procedures to successfully commercialize and sustain safe and effective products. Q9 Consulting, Inc. was founded in 2007 by Mike Wakshull. The name originates from ICH Q9, Quality Risk Management for the pharmaceutical industry. Mike managed Corporate Quality Risk Management for Amgen, the world's largest biotechnology company. Mike's experience with medical device product risk management has focused on implementation of ISO 14971. Mike was a technical editor and primary contributor to the 2nd edition of the risk management chapter 11 of the Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBoK Guide). This is an ANSI and ISO standard for project management. He has contributed to the risk management chapter of the 4th edition of the PMBoK Guide.

Services offered include:

• Expert witness testimony
• Project Management Consulting
• Risk Management Consulting
• Project Management Training
• Risk Management Training
• Forensic Document Examination

In 1999 Mike wrote the first 4-day Project Risk Management course for Learning Tree International. In 2002 he presented 2 4-day risk management classes for PMI Seminars World. Mike teaches project risk management for the University of California at Irvine's Extension University. He wrote and presented globally the internal Product Quality Risk Management training classes at Abbott Vascular. Q9 Consulting, Inc. serves Southern California counties of Riverside, San Diego, Orange, San Bernardino, and surrounding regions. Work is accepted from all other locations. 

Areas of Expertise:

• Managing large information systems projects
• Project risk management
• Pharmaceutical product quality risk management
• ICH Q9
• Medical Device product quality risk management
• ISO 14971
• Training classes
• Public speaking

View Mike Wakshull's Expert Witness Profile.

Mr. V C Misra is a leading Forensic Handwriting, Finger Print and Document Examiner with over 21 years of experience. He has solved and given opinion on thousands of cases in India, UK, USA, Canada, Japan, Australia, Germany, Italy, France, Russia, South Africa and UAE.

Mr. Misra's Expertise Includes:

• Examination of Handwriting, Signatures, Fraudulent Additions and Alterations
• Approximate Age of Documents
• Photo Static and Scanned Transplantations of Signatures
• Traced, Freehand and Impersonation Forgeries
• Denial of Normal or Disguised (Changed) Signatures
• Anonymous Letters
• Body Writings on Account Opening Forms
• Denial of Withdrawal of Money
• Development of Latent Finger or Palm Prints from the Cheques
• Bank Documents by Ninhydrin (Chemical) Method Used for Impression Sweat on Paper
• Opinions on Folds
• Sequence of Strokes and Distinction Between Inks
• Insertion of Typed or Printed Matter
• Fake Currency Notes
• Credit Card Forgeries
• Identification of Computer Typed Documents
• Fake Seals and Rubber Stamps

Mr. Misra's Expert Opinion is Available in the Following Languages: English; French; German; Russian; Spanish; Hindi; Gujarati; Urdu; Marathi; Regional Languages of India or Abroad.

Clients Include:

Air Force Police Bank of Tokyo Bechtel (India) Bennett & Coleman Birla Soft C.R.P.F. Delhi Police Delhi University Duncan Industries Electrolux I.C.I. Fertilizer IIT New Delhi & Kanpur

Industries & MNC's J & K Bank JNU New Delhi L.I.C. Main Detective Agencies Private Parties Punjab National Bank Skanska Standard Chartered Bank State Bank of India U.P. Financial Corporation U.P. Police

Michael Levine – Security and Investigative Consultant, D/B/A SENTAC INTERNATIONAL INVESTIGATIONS. Network of Ten-Percenters - There is an old saying in Federal Law Enforcement: “Ten percent of the investigators are responsible for ninety percent of the cases.” Mike Levine is one of the most decorated supervisory agents in the history of the Drug Enforcement Administration. He has 45 years of courtroom and field experience (civil and criminal) as a Trial Consultant, Expert witness, and Investigative / Security Consultant. A Police Training Consultant, 

Mr. Levine specializes in Undercover Survival and Informant Handling Tactics and Procedures, saving lives and providing indemnity to law suits. Mr. Levine has direct and immediate access to a hand-picked network of investigators comprised of men and women who have proven themselves with long experience as creative, hard driving and successful experts in each of their fields, and like himself are each much awarded veterans of law enforcement.

 Services Offered:

• Complicated Investigations in Support of Litigation (intra and international)
• Personal Security Assessments and Counseling (all areas)
• Plant and Operational Security Assessments and Counseling (all areas)
• Sensitive Position Background Investigations and Counseling
• Investigative and Research Support Extensively Backed by a Continually Updated Database of Information that Relates to Each Area Expertise
• Media & Technical Consulting

Background Experience - Michael Levine's law enforcement career encompasses 25 years service with DEA, Customs, BATF & IRS Criminal Investigations Division. His supervisory experience includes being in command of task force units combining officers of FBI, BATF, IRS, Customs, NYPD and other local police agencies. During Mr. Levine's Department of Justice service, he served as an OPR (Office of Professional Responsibility) Inspector during which time he was trained in the reliable methods of investigative file review in affixing management responsibility for operational failures, tactics which he has continued to use in the analysis of cases and the testimony related thereto. 

Mr. Levine has extensive experience working executive protection details for both the Secret Service and Department of Justice and is a graduate of the Secret Service Executive Protection Training Program. He also served as a Security Consultant and Operational Advisor for a major internet pharmaceutical company. 

Michael Levine is currently lecturing on Undercover Tactics and Informant Handling for the US State Department in Brazil. His widely published articles and books include the New York Times and national best-sellers Deep Cover, The Big White Lie, and Fight Back, the community anti-drug plan recommended by the Clinton Administration Drug Policy Office, BLIND MULES-FICTION OR FACT?, and The Weakest Link, a paper based on Michael Levine’s presentation before the Defense Intelligence College, Southern Command, analyzing the devastating effect of unqualified management in law enforcement and military on public safety. 

While still serving as a DEA supervisory agent in 1988, Mr. Levine was the subject of A Random House/Times Books biography, Undercover, by Donald Goddard Mr. Levine has been a consultant and on-air expert for in excess of one hundred radio and television shows, including 60 Minutes, CNN, Crier Report, MSNBC, CBS News & Morning Show, ABC’s Nightline, Crossfire, Macneil Lehrer News Hour, and CBS. He also appeared on The History Channel’s "20th Century", Geraldo, Eye on America, Like It Is (Gil Noble), Dick Cavett, Inside Edition (Bill O’Reilly), Sony Pictures, Spelling Productions, Contrapunto (Spanish language version of Crossfire) and more. Mr. Levine is also the host of New York City’s “The Expert Witness Radio Show,” featuring interviews with top international law enforcement and legal experts covering all the areas of Mr. Levine’s expertise. 

View Michael Levine's Expert Witness Profile.

Laurie Hoeltzel, PhDc, a Forensic Document Examiner, has studied handwriting examination and apprenticed under some of the leading court-qualified Forensic Document Experts in the United States. She spent 11 years serving her country in the United States Air Force, including three tours of duty in Iraq, while obtaining a Bachelors degree and Document Examination Certificates. Laurie Hoeltzel has been 100% court-qualified and her testimony has always been allowed.

Litigation Support - Ms. Hoeltzel has reviewed numerous signatures and handwritings, examined case documents, and rendered an opinion on cases in AZ, AL, CA, CO, DE, FL, GA, IN, IA, IL, KS, KY, LA, MI, MD, MO, NV, NJ, NM, NY, NC, NY, ND, OH, OK, OR, PA, SC, TN, TX, UT, VT, VA, WV, WI, WA, Washington D.C.; Montreal & Quebec Canada; Freeport & Nassau, Bahamas. She is court-qualified and attorney-recommended. With over 20 years of experience, she is available for depositions and court testimony when necessary, Ms. Hoeltzel offers her expertise to counsel for both plaintiff and defendant NATIONWIDE!

Areas of Specific Training:

• Handwriting Identification
• Signature Comparison
• Distinguishing Forged Signatures Techniques
• Disguised Handwriting
• Altered Numbers
• Anonymous Writing
• Factors that Affect Writing

Disputed Documents or Signatures Analysis on: Wills, checks, contracts, deeds, account ledgers, mortgages, loans, notary disputes, and medical records. Investigation and Analysis for: Questioned signatures, suspect documents, forgeries, identity theft, robo-signing, anonymous letters, bond authentication, alterations, obliterations, erasures, typewritten documents, altered medical records, graffiti, handwritten numbers, suicide notes, and computerized and handwritten documents.

Colorado Office Telephone: 720-724-8077 www.denverhandwritingexpert.com

Texas Office Telephone: 832-827-3052 www.houstonhandwritingexpert.com

Arizona Office Telephone: 310-985-2807 www.arizonahandwritingexpert.com

East Florida Office Telephone: 954-745-0752 www.floridahandwritingexpert.com

West Florida Office Telephone: 727-213-5722 www.floridahandwritingexpert.com

Keegan Linscott & Associates, PC is a full-service Accounting Firm with more than 27 years of experience providing the highest quality of service to clients through a multi-dimensional team of dedicated and trusted professionals.

Leaders in their industry of practice, the professionals at KLA are Certified Public Accountants, Certified Fraud Examiners, Forensic Accountants, and Certified Insolvency, and Restructuring Advisors. They are committed to providing their clients and community with exceptional service, specializing in such matters as complex commercial litigation, FAR audits, all taxation matters, bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency issues, and fraud detection, investigation, and prevention.

Consulting Services Include:

• Taxation-Related Services -Tax Problems, IRS Audit Support, Non-Files Returns, Offers in Compromise, Bankruptcy, Estate Planning
• Audit Services - Audits, Reviews, Compilations, Federal Acquisition Regulations
• Business Services - Quickbooks, Small Business, Payroll, Part-Time CFO, Cash Flow, Bank Financing, Strategic Business planning, Business Valuation, Succession in Planning, New Business Planning, Non-Profits, Internal Controls

Christopher G. Linscott, CPA, CFE, CIRA, is a Director of Keegan Linscott & Associates and is the Director of Litigation, Forensic Accounting, and Bankruptcy Support Services. He also manages corporate financial audits and tax clients. Mr. Linscott was previously employed with the international CPA firms of Coopers & Lybrand (now Price­water­houseCoopers), and Peat Marwick (now KPMG). He has more than 25 years of ex­perience in public accounting.

Mr. Linscott specializes in the areas of Litigation Support, Bankruptcy Reorganization, Fraud Investigations and Prevention, and Business Consulting. He has served clients in industries including construction, health care, home builders and developers, law firms, manufacturing and distribution, non-profit, professional services, real estate, restaurant franchises, retail service, and wholesale.

Mr. Linscott is a Member of the Arizona Society of CPA's, American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, National Association of Certified Fraud Examiners, Association of Insolvency and Restructuring Advisors, and a Director of the Board of Directors at Bashas’.

View Keegan Linscott & Associates' Expert Witness Profile.

Principal, EJ Janik, CPA, CFF, CFE is a Certified Public Accountant with 40 years of professional experience. He has been engaged as an accounting consultant on issues involving, among other things, public and private company audits, due diligence, fact finding, asset tracing, lost profits analysis, damage analysis, fraud analysis, insurance claims and business valuations. Mr. Janik holds a Master of Science in Accounting from Louisiana State University and a Bachelor of Commerce from Rice University. He is a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and the Texas Society of Certified Public Accountants. Mr. Janik has provided expert testimony in over 88 matters including testimony in 58 trials or hearings in 8 states. His experience also includes over 23,000 hours of Engineering and Construction auditing and consulting work on construction claims matters involving:

Acceleration Change Orders Costs Defective Plans Differing Site and Concealed Conditions Direct Costs Disruption Evaluating Claims

Indirect Costs Overhead Payroll Fringe Burdens Profit Pre-Qualification Filings Superfund / Hazardous Waste Sites Terminations Other Construction Issues

Mr. Janik provides accounting, financial, economic, fraud, and business dispute consulting. He has provided over 150 financial audits and consulted in over 765 business disputes. Janik's clients include Bank of America, Coca-Cola Company, FDIC, General Motors Corporation, IBM, Travelers Insurance, and many more. Specific areas of expertise include:

Business Consulting Dispute Consulting Forensic Accounting Damage Analysis / Critiques Construction Claims

Opinions / Reports Fact Finding / Graphic Analytics Accounting / Financial / Economic Modeling Contract Accounting Projections and Trend Analysis

View EJ Janik's Expert Witness Profile.

Janice A. Ramsay founded the law firm of Ramsay and Johnson, ALC in 1984. She merged her practice and that firm with Berger Kahn LLC in 1999. Since the late fall of 2007, she has primarily worked independently as an expert witness and consultant to other attorneys.

During her career, Ms. Ramsay has given advice on coverage questions, underwriting procedures, rescission rights, claims handling, and insurers legal and policy obligations. She is experienced with both commercial and personal lines policies. Ms. Ramsay is familiar with the business of insurance and the legal framework of that business and has performed the procedures that are unique to the claims process such as examinations under oath, and appraisals. She has drafted or revised insurance policies for several insurance companies and has handled coverage litigation.

Litigation Support - Ms. Ramsay has been retained in over 150 matters as an expert work during her law practice beginning as early as 1989. She has testified frequently in both deposition and trial on the standards and practices of the insurance industry. She has testified for insurers, insureds,brokers, and agents.

Types of Losses:

Fire Losses Organized Insurance Fraud Landslides Earthquakes Water Damage / Mold Defective Construction

Latent Defects Riots Acts of Civil Authority Business Interruption Suit Limitation Issues Mortgagee Rights

Speaking Engagements - Ms. Ramsay has frequently been a speaker and/or panelist for the Orange County Bar Association, PLRB Annual Conference, the Combined Claims Conference, and many more. She has also given in-house seminars for several insurers.

Jacqueline Bloink LLC is an independent organization that provides Healthcare Compliance Consulting, educational services, risk analysis, and fraud examinations. They assist organizations and entities to:

• Prevent or Identify Healthcare Fraud
• Build and Evaluate Compliance Programs
• Conduct Compliance Program Risk Analysis
• Evaluate Medical Chart Documentation
• Medical Coding / Forensic Compliance Education
• 1 Day Boot Camp for Certified Professional Compliance Officer (CPCO)- AAPC Examination

Principal, Jacqueline N. Bloink, MBA, RHIA, CHC, CFE, CPC, CPC-I, has over 20 years of experience in the field of Healthcare Compliance, with educational degrees, certifications and awards in healthcare management, coding, billing, reimbursement, compliance, education, and fraud prevention and identification. 

Background - Ms. Bloink served as the Director of Compliance for the largest provider group in Arizona. For several years she worked as a Medical Coding Manager, Reimbursement Manager, and Compliance Liaison for a University Physician Group - Department of Medicine, and as Corporate Responsibility Auditor for a large 3 Hospital network. Her work includes both medium and small practice administration. 

Ms. Bloink is a Professor and Instructor in the area of Medical Coding, Billing, Health Information Management, and Healthcare Fraud. She is a national, state and local speaker (author) for such groups as ACFE, HCCA, AAPC, American College of Physicians, CLM, Coalition Against Insurance Fraud, CA AHIMA, and others. In 2015, she was honored to be the recipient of the Arizona ACFE Sentinel Award “Truth Over Self” that acknowledged her assistance to the Office of Inspector General / Department of Justice with the largest Healthcare Fraud Case (FCA) in Arizona history.

View Jacqueline N. Bloink's Expert Witness Profile.

HP Accounting Services, Inc. is a leading provider of interim and outsourced Financial Management for tech and other companies. A CPA and business valuation firm, they support their clients’ compliance with the IRC 409A and SFAS 123(R) rules, intangible asset valuation, as well as issues involving damage calculations, expert witness services in litigation. 

Consulting Services:

• Accounting - Bookkeeping (Monthly/Quarterly/Annual), Accounting system setup for new businesses, Personal financial statements, Business Plan Development & Loan Brokerage, Audit Preparation & Liaison, Budgeting
• Business Valuation - Purchase Price Allocations — FAS 141R
• Mergers & Acquisitions
• Business Fraud Prevention

Robert Bates, JD, CPA (Virginia), CFE, CVA, CFO has over 30 years of Financial Management and Accounting experience as a Controller and CFO in various industries. He has been in several industries, including telecom, media, retail and financial services in addition to having consulting experience at startups in the software, technology, and life sciences fields. Mr. Bates specializes in International Accounting, Software Issues, and Obtaining Financing. AS CFO of  public companies, he has completed due diligence accounting/reporting for 12 acquisitions, including performing Business Valuations and dealing with FAS 142 issues. Mr. Bates has handled accounting for complex debt instruments including warrants, beneficial conversion feature, and other derivative issues. He has also been responsible for SEC reporting: 10Q’s and 10K’s.

View Robert Bates' Expert Witness Profile.

HLN offers Peer-reviewed methodologies and Appellate court proven testimony by experienced professionals who have provided consulting services and conducted audits and investigations for hundreds of hospitals, physicians and other healthcare providers nationwide. HLN's experts have provided expert testimony in administrative and regulatory proceedings, as well as in state and federal courts for civil and criminal cases, for plaintiffs and defendants.

HLN provides experts in: medical billing, reasonableness of charges, reasonable value of medical services, Medicare & Medicaid reimbursement and compliance, clinical documentation, medical record coding, economic damages, insurance disputes, lost profits and false claims. HLN's founder co-authored two editions of the AMA's best selling Mastering the Reimbursement Process book. 

HLN's Consultants include:

• Certified Public Accountants (CPA) 
• Certified Coding Specialists (CCS and CCS-P)
• Certified in Financial Forensics (CFF) 
• Certified in Healthcare Compliance (CHC) 
• Certified Fraud Examiner (CFE) 
• Certified Healthcare Chart Auditor (CHCA) 
• Certified Professional Coder (CPC and CPC-H) 
• Licensed Insurance Agents
  
• RNs, MDs, DOs and DCs
• Financial Analysts
• Statisticians